There are two primary categories of bamboo: non-invasive clumping bamboo and invasive species. Understanding the key differences between these two types is crucial for maintaining a harmonious garden ecosystem and preventing the unintended spread of bamboo.

Non-invasive clumping bamboo, as the name suggests, has a growth pattern that is well-contained and tends to stay in tight clusters. This type of bamboo is well-suited for gardens and landscapes, as it is less likely to spread uncontrollably. Here are the key characteristics of non-invasive clumping bamboo:

• Controlled Growth: Non-invasive bamboo species exhibit a controlled growth pattern, with new shoots emerging near the base of the plant. These new shoots remain close to the original clump and do not spread widely.

• Root System: Clumping bamboos have a more compact and contained root system. The rhizomes (underground stems) of these bamboo plants grow close to the main clump and do not venture far from it.

• Garden-Friendly: Due to their limited spreading tendencies, non-invasive clumping bamboos are well-suited for small gardens and urban landscapes. They can be planted closer to structures without the fear of damaging foundations or encroaching on neighbouring plants.

• Maintenance: These bamboo varieties require less maintenance to keep them in check. Their growth is easier to manage, and they are less likely to become invasive if proper care is taken. Removing culms, cleaning foliage and/or thinning out a clump are all relatively easy activities. See more information here.

Invasive bamboo species, on the other hand, are known for their rapid and unchecked growth patterns that can quickly become problematic. These species can overtake native vegetation, disrupt ecosystems, and cause structural damage if not properly managed.Under specific applications they too will have their advantages, usually where vast areas require forest wide growth, for large scale soil erosion control or where particularly cold climates must be endured. Here are the key characteristics of running bamboo:

• Aggressive Spread: Invasive bamboos have a tendency to spread rapidly and extensively through their rhizomes. These horizontally running rhizomes can extend far from the original planting area, colonizing new spaces and outcompeting native plants.

• Challenging to Control: The aggressive growth of invasive bamboo species makes them difficult to control once they have established themselves. Their rhizomes can grow under barriers and re-emerge on the other side, making containment a challenge.
• Ecological Impact: Invasive bamboo species can have detrimental effects on local ecosystems by displacing native vegetation. This disrupts the natural balance and can lead to reduced biodiversity and altered habitats.

• Structural Damage: The unchecked growth of invasive bamboo can lead to structural damage in urban and suburban areas. Their rhizomes can damage foundations, sidewalks, and underground utilities.

• High Maintenance: Managing invasive bamboo requires significant effort and resources. Regular and intensive maintenance, including rhizome containment and shoot removal, is necessary to prevent their spread. Planting with typical HDPE sheet root barrier systems may not be sufficient. Heavy duty sheet barriers must be used. 

To prevent the unintentional spread of invasive bamboo species, it's essential to follow certain practices:

1. Research: Before planting any bamboo species, research thoroughly to ensure you are selecting a non-invasive clumping variety suitable for your location.

2. Planting Barriers: Install physical barriers made of durable materials, such as HDPE plastic, to prevent rhizome growth. Barriers should be buried to a sufficient depth and extend above the soil surface.

3. Regular Monitoring: Regularly inspect your bamboo plants for any signs of rhizome escape. Promptly remove any escaping shoots to prevent further spread.

4. Maintenance Plan: Create a maintenance plan that includes regular checks for rhizome growth, shoot removal, and necessary care to keep non-invasive clumping bamboo healthy and contained.

The differences between non-invasive clumping bamboo and invasive species are crucial to understand for successful bamboo cultivation and maintaining a balanced ecosystem. By choosing non-invasive varieties, implementing proper planting techniques, and practicing responsible maintenance, garden enthusiasts can enjoy the beauty of bamboo without contributing to the spread of invasive species. By making informed choices and taking appropriate actions, we can ensure that bamboo remains a valuable and sustainable addition to our gardens and landscapes.